Junk News During the EU Parliamentary Elections: Lessons from a Seven-Language Study of Twitter and Facebook - Academic Sources

The study highlights that the influence of junk news is far less prominent on Twitter (4% of total sources), while the engagement of junk news is higher on Facebook, but the recipients of professional news outnumbered the former

Legal Responses to Online Harassment and Abuse of Journalists: Perspectives from Finland, France and Ireland - Legal Resources

This report focuses on the legal framework that applies to online harassment and abuse in three jurisdictions, namely Finland, France and Ireland. These three jurisdictions have been selected because they are some of the few jurisdictions that have seen high-profile and successful prosecutions in 2018 of individuals who had been harassing or threatening journalists online

Democracy at Risk: Threats and Attacks Against Media Freedom in Europe. Annual Report 2019 - Reports

This 2019 Annual Report by 12 Council of Europe partner organisations portrays the situation of the media environment in Europe, highlighting its most problematic aspects and their causes. It also provides an in-depth look into particular issues or countries and recommendations to ensure a better media environment

Disinformation - Article

The sixth of a series of thematic itineraries to explore the Resource Centre on Media Freedom through a curated aggregation of contents.

Public Service Media in the context of disinformation and propaganda - Reports

This report explores the critical role of the Public Service Media (PSM) in counteracting the widespread phenomenon of information disorder, calling for a joint action among relevant actors and highlighting core novel “best practices” and activities undertaken by public service media organizations worldwide

Demonising the media: Threats to journalists in Europe - Reports

The report surveys over 3,000 media freedom incidents documented by Index on Censorship’s “Mapping Media Freedom” (MMF) project since May 2014 with a view to outlining key trends and categories

Targeting the Messenger: Journalists on the Frontline of Protests - Reports

The latest report by Index on Censorship's Mapping Media Freedom (MMF) project provides an insight into the threats that European journalists face when covering demonstrations

The Media at Protests: Official Attitudes - Legal Resources

Covering protests and demonstrations is part of the core function of journalism of disseminating public interest information. However, often media workers are subjected to intimidations and attacks, also by police

Media reporting: facts, nothing but facts? - Reports

This special report provides an overview of how the principles of accuracy, objectivity, and fairness in news and current affairs reporting are regulated at European and national level

Information Manipulation: A Challenge for Our Democracies - Reports

The joint report by the French Policy Planning Staff (CAPS) of the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs and the Institute for Strategic Research (IRSEM) of the Ministry for the Armed Forces aims at developing a better understanding of the issue, mainly focusing on information manipulation orchestrated by States and whose purpose is to weaken democratic debate in other States